ASBOG - the USA national organization of geologic professionals. Here's their guidance:
Why register geologists?
The application of geologic data are integral parts of many actions
involving public health, safety, and welfare. Professional geologists
working with others can determine and apply sound geologic procedures that will
serve to avoid endangerment of the public or the environment.
How will the public be protected?
First, no one may be represented as a geologist unless duly registered.
Second, registration boards are typically endowed with the authority to
monitor and enforce the registration law.
Who can become registered as a geologist?
While it will vary from state to state, typically individuals who have
a college degree in geology or a closely related field and five years of
geological work experience can qualify for registration. In most states,
an examination is also required to demonstrate minimum competence in both the
fundamentals and the practice of geology.
More specifics, please.
Registration would help assure that qualified reputable individuals
provide accurate geologic information to the public in such areas as:
geologic mapping
groundwater resource and development protection
mineral-resource evaluation
oil and gas development
For instance in Canada:
The following definition of the Practice of Professional Geoscience reflects a consensus of views on the minimum content of what should be included in any definition of Professional Geoscience. Because the Canadian Council of Professional Geoscientists (CCPG) has no legislative authority to define Professional Geoscience on behalf of its provincial and territorial members associations, the definition is presented for information and guidance only.
The definition was developed by a task group of the CCPG and has been approved for circulation by the Canadian Geoscience Standards Board and the Board of Directors of CCPG.
The "practice of professional
geoscience" means the performing of any activity that
requires application of the principles of the geological sciences, and
that concerns the safeguarding of public welfare, life, health,
property, or economic interests, including, but not limited to:
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